M.H. Abrams (1918–1994) was an American literary critic and an expert on the writings of Samuel Johnson and William Shakespeare. Hailing from a family of philologists, he was also a descendant of Sir Moses Montefiore, the great nineteenth-century philanthropist and social reformer. Abrams wrote on Shakespeare and Johnson as well as on comedy, tragedy, and science fiction; he is best remembered today for his influential scholarship on Elizabethan drama and for his translations of many of the plays of Shakespeare and the Greek tragedians
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His first book, Samuel Johnson: Life of an Enigma, was published in 1965; later editions were revised and expanded with additional material. The book was adapted into the film Enigma (2001). He also wrote a biography of Sir Moses Montefiore (1971), which won the National Book Award for Nonfiction.